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Quick Details

Name:melotonin

Synonyms:Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-;Acetamide, N-[2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl]-;Acetamide,N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl];Melatonin(N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine);n-(2-(5-methoxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-acetamid;n-(2-(5-methoxyindol-3-yl)ethyl)-acetamid;N-ACETYL-5-METHOXYTRYPTAMINE;N-[2-(5-METHOXY-1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHYL]ACETAMIDECAS No.:73-31-4

MF:C13H16N2O2

MW:232.27 g/mol

Purity:99%

Appearance:off-white powder

Specification

Description

Melatonin ,chemically N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine,is a substance found in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In animals it is a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness; however in other organisms it may have different functions. Likewise, the synthesis of melatonin in animals differs from that in other organisms.

In animals, melatonin is involved in the entrainment (synchronization) of the circadian rhythms of physiological functions including sleep timing, blood pressure regulation, seasonal reproduction and many others. Many of melatonin's biological effects in animals are produced through activation of melatonin receptors, while others are due to its role as a pervasive and powerful antioxidant, with a particular role in the protection of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.

The hormone can be used as a sleep aid and in the treatment of some sleep disorders. It can be taken orally in liquid form as well as capsules or tablets in immediate- or prolonged-release form. It is also available in a form to be used sublingually, and as transdermal patches. Melatonin is sold over-the-counter in the U.S. and Canada. In other countries it may require a prescription or it may be unavailable.

Usage

Circadian rhythm

In animals, the primary function is regulation of day-night cycles. Human infants' melatonin levels become regular in about the third month after birth, with the highest levels measured between midnight and 8:00 AM. Human melatonin production decreases as a person ages.Also, as children become teenagers, the nightly schedule of melatonin release is delayed, leading to later sleeping and waking times.

Antioxidant

Besides its function as synchronizer of the biological clock, melatonin is a powerful free-radical scavenger and wide-spectrum antioxidant as discovered in 1993. In many less complex life forms, this is its only known

function.Melatonin is an antioxidant that can easily cross cell membranes and the blood–brain barrier. This antioxidant is a direct scavenger of radical oxygen and nitrogen species including OH•, O•2−, and NO•. Melatonin works with other antioxidants to improve the overall effectiveness of each antioxidant. Melatonin has been proven to be twice as active as vitamin E, believed to be the most effective lipophilic antioxidant.

An important characteristic of melatonin that distinguishes it from other classic radical scavengers is that its metabolites are also scavengers in what is referred to as the cascade reaction.Also different from other classic antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, melatonin has amphiphilic properties. When compared to synthetic, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (MitoQ and MitoE), melatonin proved to be a better protector against mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Immune system

While it is known that melatonin interacts with the immune system,[53][54] the details of those interactions are unclear. Antiinflammatory effect seems to be the most relevant and most documented in the literature.There have been few trials designed to judge the effectiveness of melatonin in disease treatment. Most existing data are based on small, incomplete clinical trials. Any positive immunological effect is thought to be the result of melatonin acting on high-affinity receptors (MT1 and MT2) expressed in immunocompetent cells. In preclinical studies, melatonin may enhance cytokine production,and by doing this counteract acquired immunodeficiences. Some studies also suggest that melatonin might be useful fighting infectious disease including viral, such asHIV, and bacterial infections, and potentially in the treatment of cancer.

In rheumatoid arthritis patients, melatonin production has been found increased when compared to age-matched healthy controls.

Metal chelation

In vitro, melatonin can form complexes with cadmium and other metals.

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