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Product Name	Paclitaxel	synonyms	Abraxane ,Taxol
CAS No	33069-62-4	MF	C47H51NO14
Assay	99.5%	MW	853.906g/mol
Appearance	white crystal powder	Function	mainly suitable for ovarian cancer and breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, head and neck cancer, lymphoma, brain tumors have certain curative effect.

Description

Paclitaxel is a medication used to treat a number of types of cancerincluding: ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer among others. It and docetaxel represent the taxane family of drugs. Paclitaxel's mechanism of action involves interference with the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division.

Common side effects include: hair loss, muscle and joint pains, and diarrhea, among others.It results in a greater risk of infections which can be potentially serious. Use during pregnancy often results in problems in the infant.

Paclitaxel was discovered in 1962 as a result of a U.S. National Cancer Institute-funded screening program; being isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, thus its name "taxol". Developed commercially by Bristol-Myers Squibb, the generic name has changed to "paclitaxel" with a trademark becoming Taxol. Other trademarks includeAbraxane. Clinicians sometimes use the abbreviation "PTX" for paclitaxel, which is discouraged, because it is not a unique identifier.

Paclitaxel is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basichealth system.There was initially concern over the environmental impact of its initial sourcing from the slow growing Pacific yew. In addition, both the assignment of rights to Bristol-Myers Squibb and the product name were subject to public debate and Congressional hearings.

Medical Use

Paclitaxel is approved in the UK for ovarian, breast and lung, bladder, prostate, melanoma, esophageal, and other types of solid tumor cancers as well as Kaposi's sarcoma. It is recommended in NICE guidance of June 2001 that it should be used for nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients unsuitable for curative treatment, and in first-line and second-line treatment of ovarian cancer. In September 2001, NICE recommended paclitaxel should be available for the treatment of advanced breast cancer after the failure of anthracyclic chemotherapy, but that its first-line use should be limited to clinical trials. In September 2006, NICE recommended paclitaxel should not be used in the adjuvant treatment of early node-positive breast cancer. In 2005, its use in the United States for the treatment of breast, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancers was approved by the FDA.

Similar compounds

Albumin-bound paclitaxel (trade name Abraxane, also called nab-paclitaxel) is an alternative formulation where paclitaxel is bound to albumin nano-particles. Much of the clinical toxicity of paclitaxel is associated with the solvent Cremophor EL in which it is dissolved for delivery.Abraxis BioScience developed Abraxane, in which paclitaxel is bonded to albumin as an alternative delivery agent to the often toxic solvent delivery method. This was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in January 2005 for the treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within six months of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Synthetic approaches to paclitaxel production led to the development of docetaxel. Docetaxel has a similar set of clinical uses to paclitaxel and is marketed under the name of Taxotere.

Recently the presence of taxanes including paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, paclitaxel C, and 7-epipaclitaxel in the shells and leaves of hazel plants has been reported. The finding of these compounds in shells, which are considered discarded material and are mass-produced by many food industries, is of interest for the future availability of paclitaxel.

Restenosis

Paclitaxel is used as an antiproliferative agent for the prevention of restenosis (recurrent narrowing) of coronary and peripheral stents; locally delivered to the wall of the artery, a paclitaxel coating limits the growth ofneointima (scar tissue) within stents. Paclitaxel drug eluting coated stents for coronary artery placement are sold under the trade name Taxus by Boston Scientific in the United States. Paclitaxel drug eluting coated stentsfor femoropopliteal artery placement are sold under the trade name Zilver PTX by Cook Medical, Inc.

Application

Paclitaxel is a cancer medication that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body.

Paclitaxel is used to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. It is also used to treat AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Paclitaxel may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; feeling like you might pass out; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Paclitaxel can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help your blood to clot. You may get an infection or bleed more easily. Call your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding, or signs of infection (fever, chills, body aches).

You should not receive this medication if you are allergic to paclitaxel, or to other medications that contain an ingredient called Cremophor EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil). This includes cyclosporine and teniposide.

To make sure paclitaxel is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

· HIV, AIDS, or Kaposi's sarcoma;

· heart disease;

· high blood pressure; or

· liver disease.

FDA pregnancy category D. Do not receive paclitaxel if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Use effective birth control, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment.

It is not known whether paclitaxel passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are using paclitaxel.

Side Effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; feeling like you might pass out; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

· fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, sores in your mouth and throat;

· pale skin, feeling light-headed or short of breath, rapid heart rate, trouble concentrating;

· easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;

· flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling);

· slow heart rate, feeling like you might pass out;

· seizure (convulsions);

· chest pain, dry cough, wheezing, feeling short of breath;

· numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet;

· jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or

· severe redness or swelling, severe irritation, a hard lump, or skin changes where the injection was given.

·

Common side effects may include:

· mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation;

· weakness;

· joint or muscle pain;

· darkening of your skin or nails; or

· temporary hair loss.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

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