Erythromycin

Quick Details

Description

Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number ofbacterial infections. It is in the macrolide class and has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often prescribed for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including Mycoplasma and Legionella.

It was first marketed by Eli Lilly and Company, and it is today commonly known as erythromycin ethylsuccinate (EES), a commonly administered ester prodrug. It is commonly applied after delivery to the eyes of newborns to preventneonatal conjunctivitis. It is used as an alternative treatment to treat sexually transmitted diseases.

Erythromycin improves gastric emptying and symptoms from delayed gastric emptying, yet it is used in an off-label basis. Intravenous erythromycin Is sometimes administered when intravenous prokinetic therapy is needed in hospitalized patients. Oral treatment with erythromycin improves gastric emptying, but has limited long-term efficacy.

In structure, this macrocyclic compound contains a 14-membered lactonering with 10 asymmetric centers and two sugars (L-cladinose and D-desosamine), making it a compound very difficult to produce by synthetic methods. Erythromycin is produced from a strain of the actinomyceteSaccharopolyspora erythraea.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Medical Use

· Various respiratory tract infections, such as pertussis (whooping cough) and pneumonia

· Listeriosis

· Skin infections

· Diphtheria

· Intestinal ameba infections

· Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

· Syphilis

· Chlamydia

· Legionnaires' disease.

In addition, injectable or oral erythromycin is used to prevent rheumatic fever in people with streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract, such as "strep throat." Oral erythromycin is also approved for long-term use to prevent recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever.

In general, penicillin is the drug of choice for these uses, and erythromycin is typically prescribed only for people who are allergic to penicillin.

Erythromycin eye ointment is used to treat various eye infections. It is also routinely used in newborns to prevent serious eye infections. The skin products are used to treat acne.

This medication is approved for treating infections only when they are caused by certain types of bacteria. Not all bacteria will respond to erythromycin. Also, bacteria have different resistance patterns in different regions of the country. This means that some bacteria may be susceptible to erythromycin in certain parts of the country but not in others.

How should I take erythromycin?

Take erythromycin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

If a child is using this medicine, tell your doctor if the child has any changes in weight. Erythromycin doses are based on weight in children.

Do not crush, chew, or break a delayed-release capsule or tablet. Swallow it whole.

Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Erythromycin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

This medicine can cause unusual results with certain lab tests of the urine. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using erythromycin.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

You may need to store liquid medicine in a refrigerator. Carefully follow the storage directions on your medicine label. Liquid medicine expires after a short period of time. Throw away any unused liquid as directed.

Before taking this medicine

You should not take erythromycin if you are allergic to it.

Some medicines can cause unwanted or dangerous effects when used with erythromycin. Your doctor may need to change your treatment plan if you use any of the following drugs:

★cisapride;

★pimozide;

★ergotamine; or

★dihydroergotamine.

To make sure erythromycin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

★liver or kidney disease;

★myasthenia gravis;

★a heart rhythm disorder;

★an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium or magnesium in your blood);

★a history of Long QT syndrome; or

★if you take medicine to treat a heart rhythm disorder.

Side Effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to erythromycin: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

★diarrhea that is watery or bloody;

★headache with chest pain and severe dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeats;

★hearing problems (rare);

★liver problems--nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tired feeling, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or

★severe skin reaction--fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.

Older adults may be more likely to have serious side effects from erythromycin, including hearing loss, or a life-threatening fast heart rate.

Common erythromycin side effects may include:

★mild diarrhea; or

★nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

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