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pharmaceutical intermediates
Quick Details:
Product Name | Imidacloprid | Other Names | N-{1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-4,5- dihydroimidazol-2-yl}nitramide |
CAS No | 138261-41-3 | MF | C9H10ClN5O2 |
Purity | 98% | MW | 255.661g/mol |
Appearance | Colorless crystals | Function | major uses include Agriculture,Arboriculture, Home Protection,Domestic animals,Turf , Gardening. When used on plants, imidacloprid, which is systemic,is slowly taken up by plant roots and slowly translocated up the plant via xylem tissue. |
Description
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insectneurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous
system of insects with much lower toxicity to mammals. The chemical works by interfering with
the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage of the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. By blockingnicotinic acetylcholine receptors, imidacloprid prevents
acetylcholinefrom transmitting
impulses between nerves resulting in the insect's paralysis, and eventually death. It is effective on
contact and via stomach action. Because imidacloprid binds much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, this insecticide is selectively more toxic to insects than to mammals.
Imidacloprid is currently the most widely used insecticide in the world.Although it is now off patent,
the primary manufacturer of this chemical is Bayer CropScience (part of Bayer AG). It is sold under
many names for many uses; it can be applied by soil injection, tree injection, application to the skin
of the plant, broadcast foliar, ground application as a granular or liquid formulation, or as a pesticide-
coate seed treatment.Imidacloprid is widely used for pest control in agriculture. Other uses include
application to foundations to prevent termite damage, pest control for gardens and turf, treatment of
domestic pets to control fleas,protection of trees from boring insects, and in preservative treatment
of some types of lumber products (e.g., Ecolife brand).
Recent research suggests that widespread agricultural use of imidacloprid and other pesticides may
be contributing to honey be
colony collapse disorder, the decline of honey bee colonies in Europe and North America observed
since 2006.As a result, several countries have restricted use of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids.
Medical Use
Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world. Its major uses include:
· Agriculture - Control of aphids, cane beetles, thrips, stink bugs, locusts, and a variety of other insects that damage crops
· Arboriculture - Control of the emerald ash borer and other insects that attack trees
(including hemlock, maple,oak, and birch)
· Home Protection - Control of termites, carpenter ants, cockroaches, and
moisture-loving insects
· Domestic animals - Control of fleas (applied to the neck)
· Turf - Control of Japanese beetle larvae
· Gardening - Control of aphids and other pests
When used on plants, imidacloprid, which is systemic, is slowly taken up by plant roots
and slowly translocated up the plant via xylem tissue.
Application
When used on trees, it can take 30–60 days to reach the top (depending on the size and height) and enter the leaves in
high enough quantities to be effective. Imidacloprid can be found in the trunk,
the branches, the twigs, the leaves, the leaflets, and the seeds.
Many trees are wind pollinated.
But others such as fruit trees, linden, catalpa, and black locust trees are bee and
wind pollinated and imidacloprid would likely be found in the flowers in small quantities.
Higher doses must be used to control boring insects than other types.
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